Suplementação de iodo na gravidez e impacto no desenvolvimento neurocognitivo da criança

Autores

  • Susana Almeida ICBAS

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32385/rpmgf.v38i5.13481

Palavras-chave:

Iodo, Gravidez

Resumo

Introdução: O iodo é fundamental para a síntese das hormonas tiroideias, que desempenham um papel essencial no desenvolvimento cerebral. Em Portugal, a Direção-Geral da Saúde emitiu, em 2013, uma orientação clínica que recomenda a suplementação de iodo a mulheres em preconceção, grávidas ou a amamentar.

Objetivos: O objetivo desta revisão é determinar se a suplementação de iodo na gravidez tem impacto no neurodesenvolvimento da criança.

Métodos: Foi efetuada uma revisão baseada na evidência, recorrendo à análise de normas de orientação clínica, revisões sistemáticas, meta-análises e ensaios clínicos aleatorizados e controlados indexados nas bases de dados National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Canadian Medical Association Practice Guidelines Infobase, The Cochrane Library, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness, Bandolier, Evidence Based Medicine Online e PubMed.

Resultados: Foram incluídas seis revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises e duas normas de orientação clínica. Estas últimas recomendam a suplementação de iodo antes da conceção, durante a gravidez e lactação. A suplementação de iodo durante a gravidez em regiões com deficiência severa reduz o risco de cretinismo e aumenta o quociente de inteligência. Relativamente ao efeito no neurodesenvolvimento, em áreas com deficiência leve a moderada os resultados são divergentes.

Discussão: A suplementação materna de iodo tem efeitos positivos no neurodesenvolvimento em regiões com deficiência severa. Contudo, existem poucos estudos de boa qualidade realizados em regiões com deficiência leve a moderada.

Conclusões: São necessários ensaios clínicos aleatorizados e controlados de qualidade, em regiões com deficiência leve a moderada de iodo, para esclarecer os efeitos desta suplementação.

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Publicado

2022-11-09

Como Citar

Almeida, S. (2022). Suplementação de iodo na gravidez e impacto no desenvolvimento neurocognitivo da criança. Revista Portuguesa De Medicina Geral E Familiar, 38(5), 497–510. https://doi.org/10.32385/rpmgf.v38i5.13481

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